Originally designed as a customs house in 1830, Parliament House is one of Hobart’s most recognisable buildings. Construction began in 1835 based on the designs of John Lee Archer and convict labor was extensively used in the building process. Parliament House was initially located closer to Sullivan's Cove, but further reclamation has since moved it away from the water's edge.

In 1841, the Legislative Council started meeting in the spacious "Long Room" of the customs house. After self-government was established in 1856, renovations were carried out to accommodate the new parliament. The House of Assembly met in the Long Room, while the Legislative Council moved to a new Chamber, where they still meet today.

Parliament House underwent extensive conservation and restoration work beginning in 1998 to restore it to its original character. The gardens in front of the building are a popular setting for rallies and protests, focusing on everything from Tasmanian environmental issues to global climate change. With its grassy lawns, the gardens are also a popular spot for shoppers at the Salamanca Market to rest and enjoy lunch on Saturday afternoons.